Machining

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: south hangar panorama, which includes Vought OS2U-three Kingfisher seaplane, B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay”, amongst other people

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: south hangar panorama, which includes Vought OS2U-three Kingfisher seaplane, B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay”, amongst other people

Klarm Machining

A couple of nice prototype manufacturing business images I found:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: south hangar panorama, which includes Vought OS2U-three Kingfisher seaplane, B-29 Superfortress “Enola Gay”, among other individuals

Image by Chris Devers
Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Vought OS2U-three Kingfisher:

The Kingfisher was the U.S. Navy’s principal ship-primarily based, scout and observation aircraft throughout Globe War II. Revolutionary spot welding methods gave it a smooth, non-buckling fuselage structure. Deflector plate flaps that hung from the wing’s trailing edge and spoiler-augmented ailerons functioned like extra flaps to let slower landing speeds. Most OS2Us operated in the Pacific, exactly where they rescued several downed airmen, which includes Globe War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and the crew of his B-17 Flying Fortress.

In March 1942, this airplane was assigned to the battleship USS Indiana. It later underwent a six-month overhaul in California, returned to Pearl Harbor, and rejoined the Indiana in March 1944. Lt. j.g. Rollin M. Batten Jr. was awarded the Navy Cross for generating a daring rescue in this airplane under heavy enemy fire on July four, 1944.

Transferred from the United States Navy.

Manufacturer:
Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division

Date:
1937

Nation of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
General: 15ft 1 1/8in. x 33ft 9 1/2in., 4122.6lb., 36ft 1 1/16in. (460 x 1030cm, 1870kg, 1100cm)

Materials:
Wings covered with fabric aft of the principal spar

Physical Description:
Two-seat monoplane, deflector plate flaps hung from the trailing edge of the wing, ailerons drooped at low airspeeds to function like additional flaps, spoilers.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Boeing B-29 Superfortress &quotEnola Gay&quot:

Boeing’s B-29 Superfortress was the most sophisticated propeller-driven bomber of World War II and the first bomber to property its crew in pressurized compartments. Though designed to fight in the European theater, the B-29 discovered its niche on the other side of the globe. In the Pacific, B-29s delivered a range of aerial weapons: traditional bombs, incendiary bombs, mines, and two nuclear weapons.

On August 6, 1945, this Martin-constructed B-29-45-MO dropped the 1st atomic weapon utilised in combat on Hiroshima, Japan. 3 days later, Bockscar (on show at the U.S. Air Force Museum close to Dayton, Ohio) dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. Enola Gay flew as the advance weather reconnaissance aircraft that day. A third B-29, The Great Artiste, flew as an observation aircraft on both missions.

Transferred from the United States Air Force.

Manufacturer:
Boeing Aircraft Co.
Martin Co., Omaha, Nebr.

Date:
1945

Nation of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
General: 900 x 3020cm, 32580kg, 4300cm (29ft six five/16in. x 99ft 1in., 71825.9lb., 141ft 15/16in.)

Materials:
Polished all round aluminum finish

Physical Description:
4-engine heavy bomber with semi-monoqoque fuselage and high-aspect ratio wings. Polished aluminum finish general, common late-World War II Army Air Forces insignia on wings and aft fuselage and serial number on vertical fin 509th Composite Group markings painted in black &quotEnola Gay&quot in black, block letters on decrease left nose.

1960 Borgward Isabella Coupé (02)

Image by Georg Sander
The Borgward Isabella is a medium sized two door saloon that was manufactured by the Bremen based auto-manufacturer Carl F. W. Borgward GmbH among 1954 and 1962. Initially the car was badged, like its predecessor, as the Hansa 1500, but within the firm it was identified from the starting by the code name, Isabella (following Carl Borgward’s wife), and automobiles developed after 1957 bore the ‘Isabella’ name, inscribed eye catchingly within the rhombus at the centre of the front grill: in retrospect the car produced from 1954 is identified as the Isabella to differentiate it from the (initial) Hansa 1500/1800 which the company produced among 1949 and 1954.

Regardless of its aspirational positioning in the marketplace, the Isabella had a smaller engine (and was marginally shorter) than its immediate predecessor. Late in 1952 the firm had launched their six cylinder Hansa 2400 model. The bigger automobile by no means identified many purchasers but in 1954 it created industrial sense to hold the two models from competing too straight with a single another.

Initial sales volumes have been not maintained. Responding to a sales decline of nearly a third between 1955 and 1956, Carl Borgward decided to produce a more beautiful Isabella with a shortened roof line. The Borgward Isabella Coupé was created, and the four hand built prototypes were well received by the press. Borgward gave one particular of these prototypes to his wife, Elizabeth, who would continue to drive it into the 1980s. Commercial production of the coupé, powered by the more strong TS version of the engine first seen in the cabriolet, commenced in January 1957. The coupe seems to have accomplished it is marketing and advertising objective of further distancing the Isabella’s image from similarly sized competitors from Opel and Ford.

(Wikipedia)

– – –

Die Borgward Isabella ist ein Mittelklassewagen der Carl F. W. Borgward G.m.b.H. in Bremen-Sebaldsbrück, das erfolgreichste Modell der Borgward-Gruppe, das ab ten. Juni 1954 zunächst unter dem Namen „Hansa 1500“ vom Band lief.

Der spätere Name „Isabella“ war nicht das Ergebnis von Marktuntersuchungen, sondern eine spontane Eingebung von Carl F. W. Borgward selbst. Gefragt, was man auf die noch streng geheimen Vorserien-Modelle schreiben solle, wenn sie Probefahrten im öffentlichen Verkehr machen, soll Borgward geantwortet haben: „Das ist mir egal schreibt meinetwegen Isabella drauf.&quot

Ab 1957 war der ursprüngliche Tarnname im Borgward-Rhombus des Kühlergrills zu lesen.

Die moderne Konzeption und die gefällige Erscheinung des Hansa 1500 (Isabella) wurden bei der Vorstellung 1954 enthusiastisch begrüßt. Der Wagen traf den Publikumsgeschmack und war vom ersten Tag an ein Verkaufserfolg. Der Wagen war nach einer Entwicklungszeit von nur zehn Monaten anfangs mit zahlreichen Kinderkrankheiten behaftet, die jedoch nach und nach abgestellt wurden.

Als 1956 der Absatz der Isabella gegenüber 1955 um fast ein Drittel zurückgegangen war, entschloss sich Carl Borgward, ein „schönes Auto“ mit verkürztem Dach zu bauen. Daraufhin entstand das Borgward Isabella Coupé, von dem zunächst vier Prototypen in die Öffentlichkeit gelangten und das Interesse der Presse weckten. Einen dieser handgefertigten Prototypen schenkte Borgward seiner Frau Elisabeth, die ihn bis in die 1980er Jahre fuhr.

Die Serienproduktion des Coupés (mit dem TS-Motor) begann im Januar 1957. Karl Deutsch in Köln wandelte auch dieses Modell in ein Cabriolet um, das aber den Schriftzug „Coupé“ am Heck behielt. Die Coupé-Cabriolets kosteten zwischen 15.600 und 17.000 DM.

(Wikipedia)

Image from web page 196 of “Railway mechanical engineer” (1916)

Image from web page 196 of “Railway mechanical engineer” (1916)

Klarm Machining

Check out these precision tool grinding images:

Image from web page 196 of “Railway mechanical engineer” (1916)

Image by Net Archive Book Images
Identifier: railwaymechanica94newy
Title: Railway mechanical engineer
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors:
Subjects: Railroad engineering Engineering Railroads Railroad vehicles
Publisher: New York, N.Y. : Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co
Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Text Appearing Before Image:
be quickly applied to anymachine tool in the shop. Numerous machine shop tools arenot equipped with a pan and pump, due to the fact they are usedmostly for operating on grey iron, but sometimes the ma-chine might be utilized on malleable iron or steel, in which casea coolant is crucial for the very best outcomes. In such instances, theportable unit illustrated can be utilized to excellent benefit.It might also be employed on machines currently supplied with acoolant method, which for some explanation or other is out oforder. In this emergency the portable method shown can be instantly brought into spot and production will notbe interrupted. The Fulllo pump illustrated is a comprehensive, self-containedsystem, requiring practically nothing but attaching the motor cord tothe lump socket. The total height from the floor is only14 in., which pennits its getting rolled below any ordinarylathe, as shown in the illustration. Provision is made forattaching additional splash boards when necessary. Thepump and motor are completely covered, thus affording

Text Appearing After Image:
Fulflo Transportable Lubricating Unit Utilised with Turret Lathe ample protection from each liquids and dust. The outfitcan be utilised on grinding machines as w-ell as on lathes,milling machines, drill presses, gear cutters, and so forth. Thereis only one particular moving portion in the pump namely, the impeller,which has no metal get in touch with, and therefore cannot put on outquickly. It is packed with metallic packing which willnot reduce the shaft. The bearings are effectively lubricated, andsince the shaft is hardened and ground, long, continuedservice may possibly be anticipated. MULTI GRADUATED PRECISION GRINDER It has Ijeen difficult in the previous to machine screw threadsurfaces with the exact same accuracy obtained in machiningcylindrical, flat or spherical surfaces. On account of thisfact, it has been difficult to make master thread gages and themachine illustrated was made for this purpose by thePrecision &amp Thread Grinder Manufacturing Business, Phil-adelphia, Pa. It can be used in conjunction with anymachine tool and is adaptable to a variety

Note About Pictures
Please note that these pictures are extracted from scanned web page photos that may have been digitally enhanced for readability – coloration and look of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original perform.

Image from page 585 of “Railway mechanical engineer” (1916)

Image by Net Archive Book Images
Identifier: railwaymechanica90newy
Title: Railway mechanical engineer
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors:
Subjects: Railroad engineering Engineering Railroads Railroad automobiles
Publisher: New York, N.Y. : Simmons-Boardman Pub. Co
Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Tool for Truing Grinding Wheels.—The diamond tool is the most efficient signifies for truing theface of grinding wheels for precision work so far discovered.The reasons are: Diamonds or bortz are tougher than thewheel to be trued they are obtainable in adequate quantitiesto meet the demand: they give a indicates of creating thewheel a accurate cylinder and at the same time give anykind of wheel service desired they lend themselves to areasonably effortless setting and are conveniently applied to thework, and the waste of the wheel is negligible.—Grits andGrinds. TRIANGLE FOR USE IN TRACING BY HUGH G. BOUTELL The accompaning sketch shows a triangle which was de-veloped by the writer and has proved specifically helpful intracing function where speed is crucial. It is made up of two45-deg. triangles, one sufficient bigger than the other so thatit projects about J4 in- on all three sides. The two trianglesare held together with Le Pages glue. In tracing, considerable care is essential to slide an ordi-

Text Appearing Right after Image:
Handy Triangle for Use in Tracing nary triangle up to a freshly inked line without touching thewet ink. In the double triangle, the j4-in. projection of theupper part obviates the danger of blotting the tracing. Italso permits greater lateral freedom of the ruling pen andmakes possible much better matching up of straight lines andcurves. Railroad Coal Consumption.—The railroads of theUnited States used 128,200,000 net tons of coal in 1915.This amounts to about 24 per cent of the total output. Thebituminous mines furnished 122,000,000 tons, which is 28per cent of their production, and the Pennsylvania hard coalregions supplied six,200,000 tons, approximately 7 per centof the total production. Size of Steam Pipes for Reciprocating Engines.—Size of steam pipes for reciprocating engines operating atfull stroke might be determined by comparing the diameterof the cylinder squared and multiplied by the piston speedper minute with the diameter, assumed, for the steam pipesquared and multiplied

Note About Pictures
Please note that these pictures are extracted from scanned page pictures that could have been digitally enhanced for readability – coloration and look of these illustrations could not perfectly resemble the original function.

Masonic Mosaic Pavement and Indented Skirting at Scarborough Temple – Scarboro Lodge 653

Image by antefixus21
This Masonic temple was sold in 2010. As a outcome all of the Masonic Lodges who met at this temple have had to relocate to other temples till a new temple has been constructed. That constructing is now a mosque.

corners.

www.masonicforum.ro/?cmd=displaystory&ampstory_id=73&ampamp….

The Mosaic Pavement
by GABRIEL VASILE OLTEAN
Professional Inspector of NGLR for Western Area Previous Worshipful Master, ZAMOLXIS Lodge, no. 182, Deva

&quotThe interior decoration of a masonic lodge comprises ornaments, accessories and insignia. The ornaments are: the mosaic on the floor – respresenting spirt and matter, the shining star and the laced edge, which remind us usually the initial of the presence of God and the second of the protective wall&quot – cites Charles W Leadbeater from the ritual of mixed masonry in his perform &quotFreemasonry – Rites and Initiations.&quot
In the center of the Temple, on the ground, there is a rectangular floor, with black and white tiles, called the mosaic pavement (theoretically, cubes seen perspectivally), where a relgaion obtains among the sides, either two:1 (the long square) or 1.618…/1 (the golden quantity), therefore coming up with a surface proportional to the total location of the Lodge. Thus we see that virtually the moasica, placed in the center of the Lodge is a microcosmic representation of the complete of creation and is by itself a sacred central region – whence the interdiction to ever step on the mosaic when the operate of the Lodge is underway. The pavement symbolizes the indisociable operative complementarity of the two cosmic principles: the initiate need to know how no longer let himself be dominated by the confrontation in between good and unfavorable forces, to know (it is indispensable) how to use it, to master it so as to operate constructively.
In Ancient Egypt, the mosaic was by no means stepped on except by a candidate and the masters of ceremony, and only at precise moments (by the Past Worshipful Master for the fulfilment of his tasks, by the Very first Specialist when he took the light of the sacred fire, or by the sexton when he spread frankincense on the altar of the Temple. An extremely crucial aspect of the mosaic pavement is that, getting placed in the middle of the Temple, framed by the three colonettes (which represent the Worshipful Master, the Senior and Junior Wardens), need to be avoided by walking in a square, in a symbolic sense. The current of energy cross the floor, some along the length, some along the width, in lines that remind of the warp of a canvas.
Upon opening the operate, the Trestle Board is depicted on this pavement, which varies with the initial 3 degrees. The mosaic pavement signifies distinct issues according to the traditional mode of function in the lodge, or the masonic rite employed.
The French Rite specifies that the pavement adorned the threshold of the geat porch of the Temple and showed that this is one particular of the ornaments of the Lodge, becoming the emblem of the intimate union among masons. Here it was explained to the Apprentice that he &quotcould not stand on the mosaic pavement to contemplate the interior of the edifice&quot. This started above from the seventh step, as we can well conclude by an attentive study of the Trestle Boards of the very first two degrees.
The Rectified Scottish Rite speaks as well tiny of this pavement, noting that &quotthe mosaic pavement adorns the threshold of the excellent veranda of the Temple. It covers the entry to the subterranean part of the Temple in between the two columns, to a crypt that held holy idols and especially the pledge of the alliance amongst the selected individuals and the Creator: the Royal Ark (Ark of the Covenant).
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite does not describe in any way this ornament. As to the decoration of the Lodge, it is said however &quotthe floor of the lodge is the pavement in option black and white squares. When it is as a result decorated, a pavement is achieved wit the shape of a extended square, placed in the center of the Lodge, decorated on the model of the latter&quot.
The York Rite affirms that &quotthe mosaic pavement represents the floor of the Temple of Solomon&quot, possessing the added laced edge. It is apparent sufficient that it is about a symbolic contribution in what regards the floor of the Lodge, due to the fact in the Bible the floor of the Temple isn’t described as an series of black and white squares: &quotand the floor of the Temple was created from cypress planks&quot (3 Kings six:15).
Whereas in the Emulation Rite (the Anglo-Saxon Rites are a lot more precise in their descriptions) specifies that &quotthe mosaic pavement may possibly rightly be regarded the wondrous tiling of a freemason Lodge due to its diversity and regularity. Hence the diversity of beings and objects in the globe surfaces, as nicely the ensouled ones as those that are not&quot. In the complementary course of the Rite of Emulation (in the fifth portion) it is specified: &quotour lodge is adorned with mosaic pavement to mark the uncertainty of all terrestrial vanities… as we step on this mosaic, our thought have to return to the original notion that we imitate and act as honorable guys and masons&quot. Mosaic pavement is presented as an image of faith, harmony, understanding..
Outside the definitions offered by distinct masonic rites, the mosaic pavement may be approached beneath a lot of aspect, two of which appear edifying to us:
• The floor of the Lodge,
• The route of squares for the tracing of planes,
When we approach the mosaic pavement as floor of the Lodge, we are forced to distinguish between the pavement of operative and speculative Lodges.
In the initial case, we specify that Lodges were typically annexes to the building web site, attached to the building on the Southern side of the Function (to get far more light and to have the wall of the edifice for protection. It is incredibly clear and evident that in this case no floor was imposed (nor would any be functional). The tiling that constitutes the mosaic is fragile in contradiction with the dimensions (weight) of the tools of freemasons (sledgehammers had been very heavy). If we are speaking about a surface for permanent cutting and polishing of rock, we can simply picture that the floor of such a location was permanently covered by fragments, remains, abrasive dust. Not in the last place, we have to note the truth that mosaic was principally fixed in especially ready mortar in which styles had been 1st marked that etched the image or drawing that was the objective of the mosaic.
In the other method, that of the speculative Lodges, a symbolic rug laid in squares might be laid on the floor, or it might be construct from alternating black and white tiles, the choice being that of the Lodge. The notionc of mosaic pavement can not be discussed ahead of the appearance of Grand Lodges.
As a route of squares – as network of right angles – to trace planes is another mode of approach certain to operative lodges, which have to distinguish:
A directory route of the edifice that need to be understood soon after we describe the Medieval constructin site at the starting of the operate: on a leveled and cleared surface (treated with charcoal), a scheme of the main lines of the edifice was traced with the support of a rope covered in chalk. There
are documents to this effect that attest the describe practice, which reminds of certain answers from the masonic catechism. To the query: &quothow do you serve your Master?&quot, there is the answer: &quotwith charcoal, chalk and clay&quot.
A technical help set of squares would be yet another variant of this strategy. An amenably arranged surface, spread in typical squares by means of lines traced for inumerable utilizes, the first and most critical becoming that of assembly table. It also served to establish easily a series of angles, in an approximate way that was adequate for a mason (taking 4 divisions on a line, and on the perpendicular seven at one particular extremity, a reasaonbly 60° angle is obtained). In fact, we can picture the banal math copybook paper that has helped us trace with far more facility (and far more precision) the geometrical shapes that tortured (or didn’t) us in the geometry problems in elementary college.
The black and white, chessboard-like pavement is therefore the mosaic pavement. In what pertains to the term &quotmosaic&quot, there are two different opinions, one particular refering to Moses and 1 to the method of decoration. Each college has its pros and cons, a lot more or less logical and valid.
&quotThe canvas of ours lives is a mixed thread, the very good collectively with the undesirable&quot wrote Shakespeare. Something is characterized by a combination of good and poor, light and shadow, joy and sadness, good and unfavorable, yin and yang. What is excellent for me might be poor for you, pleasure is generated by pain, etc.
Following the thread of the existing Paper, we may possibly say with certainty that the mosaic is not mart of the elements of Judaic architecture and that the mosaic pavement is a contribution of modern speculative Masonry, operative lodges never ever obtaining been squared this way. It is apparent that the present exposition is not and does not wish to be an exhaustive function. It is a somewhat complicated approach of an essential symbol in the decoration of the masonic Temple and it wishes in fact to the a paper addressing an open query:
- The mosaic pavement is the floor of the Lodge (as the rituals take into account it) or is it the space restricted by the three pillars Energy, Wisdom, and Beauty?
A very good believed accompanied by the triple brotherly accolade!

Copyright Forum Masonic

Masonic Altar – A place of sacrifice or worship.

Of what value is the Altar to the Lodge? The Altar is undoubtedly the most critical piece of furnishings in the Lodge. In all of the religions of antiquity, it was the usage of the priests and the folks, to pass about the Altar in the course of the sun, that is to say, from the east, by way of the south, to the west, singing hymns of praise to Deity as portion of their worship. See (&quotGreat Paschal Hallel,&quot) or hymn of praise, consisting of Psalms (113 to 118). The most crucial report of furnishings in a Lodge room is the altar, on which rests a copy of the Holy Bible open at an suitable passage and recognized as the principal light of Masonry. Ahead of this altar the candidate for the mysteries of Masonry bows in prayer symbolically, he offers up to God the incense of praise, lays on the altar the passions of his heart, and dedicates to God and to the service of Freemasonry his affections and faculties. The presence of the altar in the center of the Lodge space serves as a continual reminder of the religious character and objective of all Masonic rites and ceremonies. An Illustration of a Masonic Altar.

Image from page 151 of “The book and the land” (1904)

Image from page 151 of “The book and the land” (1904)

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Image from web page 151 of “The book and the land” (1904)

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Identifier: bookland00vans
Title: The book and the land
Year: 1904 (1900s)
Authors: Van Schoick, R[obert] W[illiam], 1843- [from old catalog]
Subjects:
Publisher: New York, Eaton &amp Mains
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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colony in the city, although we had been in-formed that they have no organization, and10 140 THE BOOK AND THE LAND do not acknowledge any person as their leaderexcepting Jesus Christ. We inquired what they did in case of im-morality or insubordination in the colony.They said they labored with the offender asdirected in Matt, xviii, 15-17, and thusfar had maintained ideal discipline, andthey believed that this sensible exem-plification of the teachings of Jesus washaving wonderful influence in Jerusalem in com-mending Christianity to the folks. BothMr. Morris and myself have been impressed withtheir sincerity, and that they were aimingto be epistles indeed, study and identified of allmen. In a single respect at least they are a magnif-icent contrast to the custom so prevalent inJerusalem of backsheesh for all servicerendered. For the courtesy shown us theypositively refused to accept financial remu-neration. Mr. William H. Rudy gave usthe complete afternoon, guiding us to theMosque of Omar, to Solomons stables and

Text Appearing Right after Image:
JOSIAH MORRIS 149 quarries, the Pool of Bethescla, and else-where, and would not accept a penny. The Mosque of Omar is magnificence inthe highest sense of that word. There wasthe extremely rock on which Abraham laid Isaacwhen he was about to slay him in sacrifice.From it Mohammed is believed by the Mos-lems to have ascended to heaven. Herewe saw the Mohammedans at worship, amost exciting spectacle. They stood ina extended: row. and on signal from their leaderwould prostrate themselves to the ground,going via this service once again and once more,with a precision that was military in its ex-actness. When bowed with each other they resem-bled windrows of devotees, and even though wepitied them for their slavish adherence tothe forms of religious worship Ave admiredthem for their fidelity to conviction. My Quaker pal seemed impressed withall he saw, and was continuously watching forsomething to illustrate Scripture passages—with which he was so familiar, as to fill me 150 THE BOOK AND THE LAND with amazement

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USAF Thunderbirds at Travis AFB, July 2011

Image by Official Travis AFB, Calif.
The USAF Air Demonstration Squadron (&quotThunderbirds&quot) is the air demonstration squadron of the United States Air Force (USAF). The Thunderbirds are assigned to the 57th Wing, and are based at Nellis AFB, Nevada. The Thunderbirds carry out aerial demonstrations in the F-16C Fighting Falcon.
The Thunderbirds have the privilege and responsibility to perform for individuals all around the world, displaying the pride, precision and professionalism of American Airmen. In each and every hour-long demonstration, the group combines years of training and expertise with an attitude of excellence to showcase what the Air Force is all about. The sharply choreographed, drill-style ground ceremony kicks off the demonstration by showcasing the focus to detail and esprit de corps that defines our enlisted members. As the jets take to the skies and fly only a handful of feet from wingtip to wingtip, the crowd gets a glimpse of the awesome skills and capabilities that all fighter pilots should possess. The solo pilots integrate their personal loud and proud routine, exhibiting some of the maximum capabilities of the F-16 Fighting Falcon â the Air Forceâs premier multi-function fighter jet.
The squadron tours the United States and significantly of the world, performing aerobatic formation and solo flying in specially marked aircraft. The name is taken from the legendary creature that seems in the mythology of several indigenous North American cultures.
On 1 March 2013, the USAF announced that due to price range cuts, aerial demonstration team performances would cease indefinitely, successful 1 April 2013.

USAF Thunderbirds at Travis AFB, July 2011

Image by Official Travis AFB, Calif.
The USAF Air Demonstration Squadron (&quotThunderbirds&quot) is the air demonstration squadron of the United States Air Force (USAF). The Thunderbirds are assigned to the 57th Wing, and are based at Nellis AFB, Nevada. The Thunderbirds perform aerial demonstrations in the F-16C Fighting Falcon.
The Thunderbirds have the privilege and responsibility to perform for folks all around the planet, displaying the pride, precision and professionalism of American Airmen. In every single hour-lengthy demonstration, the group combines years of instruction and expertise with an attitude of excellence to showcase what the Air Force is all about. The sharply choreographed, drill-style ground ceremony kicks off the demonstration by showcasing the interest to detail and esprit de corps that defines our enlisted members. As the jets take to the skies and fly only a couple of feet from wingtip to wingtip, the crowd gets a glimpse of the amazing capabilities and capabilities that all fighter pilots should possess. The solo pilots integrate their personal loud and proud routine, exhibiting some of the maximum capabilities of the F-16 Fighting Falcon – the Air Force’s premier multi-part fighter jet.
The squadron tours the United States and significantly of the world, performing aerobatic formation and solo flying in specially marked aircraft. The name is taken from the legendary creature that appears in the mythology of many indigenous North American cultures.
On 1 March 2013, the USAF announced that due to price range cuts, aerial demonstration group performances would cease indefinitely, efficient 1 April 2013.

Slippery when wet

Slippery when wet

Klarm Machining

Some cool swiss turning photos:

Slippery when wet

Image by PeterThoeny
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In summer time 2009 we walked via the Aar Gorge (Aareschlucht) in Switzerland. This is a section of the river Aar that carves through a limestone ridge close to the town of Meiringen. The gorge is an indirect item of glaciation – 10,000 years ago, just as the Ice Age was coming to an end, torrential runoff water from melting glaciers eroded a deep, narrow chasm by way of the limestone barrier. Despite the fact that barely a single mile long, this passage is bordered by sheer cliffs up to 50 m high on either side. (Ref. Wikipedia)

I wanted to convey the wet nature of the gorge, so I applied some inventive HDR post-processing to it. The image is based on a single shot with a point and shoot Sony camera – as you can see the river is overexposed due to higher dynamic range. Nevertheless, I think it turned out OK like this. What do you think?

HDR, 1 expoure, DSC-W1. DSC06431-2009-07-19_hdr1cre1c

no left turns

Image by gato-gato-gato

Image from web page 33 of “Germany” (1912)

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Identifier: germanypainted00dick
Title: Germany
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Dickie, James F., 1848- Compton, Edward Theodore, ill Compton, E. Harrison (Edward Harrison), ill
Subjects: Germany — Description and travel
Publisher: London : A. &amp C. Black
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
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and brought wealth and activity into whatused to be a sleepy old town. German workmenhave been attracted, and German enterprise hascreated a new city with fantastic factories, great bazaars,and splendid palaces. Thus a sturdy Germanpolitical influence makes itself manifest. It is truethe old French feeHng is nonetheless very persistent, anddies challenging even following forty years of Germanoccupation. The Royal Palace and the splendidUniversity buildings have added new beauties, andaided in creating a local pride even in the hearts ofthe most radical adherents of the French connection.New Strasburg is not an expansion of the old, butan entirely new development. Its aspect iscompletely changed, and it may possibly be mentioned to be anew city with only the Cathedral and the beautifulmediaeval Kommerzells house, which adorns theCathedral square, left as memorials of the oldentime. In the middle ages Strasburg had in its garrison STRASBURG One of the numerous canals in the old element of thetown. Cathedral in the distance.

Text Appearing Right after Image:
STRASBURG AND THE BLACK FOREST 9 numerous Swiss hired soldiers. An old folk-songsheds light on this ancient usage : At Strasburg on the extended lengthy bridge I stood upon a day,When southwards as I turned my eyes The mists lay thick and grey. Behind that veil of mist/ methought, In glorious radiance standThe Alps, with all their lofty peaks, In my Swiss Fatherland. As as a result I mused and thus I felt A youth came gradually by.Who played upon the Alpine horn Our loved property melody. Then, growing hot and cold by turns, I plunged into the flood,To breast the Rhine with stalwart arm And sweetly-tingling blood. Had not the sergeant spied me then. No ill had I to dree.They chased and caught me, And to-days the final of days for me. O masters mine, just inform me how Could I resist that contact ?The lad who played the Alpine horn— Just blame him for my fall. But lead me out beyond the gate Your fifteen paces set.And shoot like guys, But, ere ye do,^ my last want may I get. 1 It was the custom in ancient instances t

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Championnat Européen de DRIFT – Bordeaux Mérignac Gironde 13 et 14 septembre 2014 – BMW M3 – Moteur Engine Puissance Power Car Speed Vitesse – Picture Image Photography – King of Europe KOE turbo oil huile frein brake transmission www.supercar-roadtrip.fr

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Bordeaux race track makes its return on the calendar with a very nice and curvy layout. France is a big motorsport nation and with this event running just 1 week before the final, it means all the best drivers will be in attendance on this demanding circuit.
www.kingofeurope.net/2014b/index.php/component/ohanah/pro…

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La M3 e30 en compétition
BMW M3 E30 en course.
BMW M3 E30 en DTM (ici lors du Essen Motor Show 2011).

Parmi les nombreux préparateurs qui la développèrent et l’engagèrent, l’équipe britannique PRODRIVE de David Richards, connu son heure de gloire avec cette voiture.

Elle gagna à 4 reprises la fameuse course d’endurance des 24 Heures de Spa (1987, 1988, 1990 et 1992).

En rallyes, elle remporta la première manche du championnat du monde à laquelle elle participa : le Tour de Corse 1987, entre les mains du français Bernard Béguin (avec plus de deux minutes d’avance sur son compatriote Yves Loubet). Avec la M3, Béguin fut vice-champion de France des rallyes en 1987 et 1988.

Toujours en rallye, citons aussi :

ses deux titres en Championnat de Belgique des rallyes (BRC): en 1988 avec Patrick Snijers, vice-champion d’Europe la même année et 1989 grâce à Marc Duez. ;

ses deux titres en Championnat de France des rallyes (CFR) : en 1989 et 1990 pour François Chatriot.

Courses sur glace : les deux victoires aux 24 heures sur glace de Chamonix en 1991 et 1992 avec Marcel Tarrès (2), Christian Debias (1) et B. Béguin (1) et les trois autres victoires de M. Tarrès -seul cette fois- à la Ronde de Serre Chevalier en 1991, 1992 (version 4×4) et 1993 (4×4) dans le cadre du Trophée Andros.

Au final, la M3 e30 remporta 16 victoires en CFR entre 1987 et 1990, 7 en BRC ,et 9 en ERC avec des pilotes français (6 avec des belges). Dans la foulée Pascal Thomasse obtint deux podiums en Championnat de France D2, en 1990 et 1994.

Elle était déclinée tant en version "Groupe N" qu’en "Groupe A".

Elle est à l’heure actuelle toujours utilisée par de nombreux pilotes amateurs, partout en Europe (entre’autres en Coupe de France des rallyes, où elle s’est imposée sans discontinuer entre 1990 et 1995, puis en 1998 (E30 et E36): Hugues Delage obtint les coupes 1990, 1993 et 1994, et Dominique de Meyer celle de l’année 1991 et la finale de 1995 (Christophe Lapierre vainqueur de la coupe 1992, et Patrick Rouillard de celle 1998 pour la dernière fois de l’évolution M3); au Liban Nabil Karam s’est imposé en 1991).

En Championnat d’Europe de course de côte, elle a remporté le titre de Catégorie I à cinq reprises consécutives avec Francis Dosières entre 1989 et 1993 (voiture homologuée Gr.A); s’en suivirent de nombreux autres titres toujours de Catégorie I pour les versions ultérieures de la M3 Gr.A, avec le tchèque Otakar Krámský (1995, 1997 et 1998), le croate Niko Pulić (1999, 2000 et 2001), le tchèque Robert Šenkýř (2003 et 2004) et l’allemand Jörg Weidinger (2005 et 2006), soit 15 titres de championne d’Europe entre 1989 et 2006. Le Challenge international de la montagne (FCHA) de la FIA ne lui a pas non plus échappé, avec le hongrois László Hernádi (2006, 2007 et 2008).

En Tourisme et Grand Tourisme, le titre mondial Tourisme 1987 (le seul attribué durant 18 ans) revint à l’italien Roberto Ravaglia (victoires de la M3 à Jarama, Dijon, aux 24 Heures de Spa, et à Silverstone), le Championnat d’Europe FIA des voitures de tourisme fut remporté en 1987 par Winfried Vogt (plus titre constructeurs) et en 1988 par Roberto Ravaglia, le Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (D.T.M.) pilotes (Tourisme) fut gagné en 1987 par Eric van de Poele et en 1989 encore par Roberto Ravaglia (plus les titres constructeurs de 1987 à 1990), le BTCC (British Touring Cars Championship) le fut par deux fois avec Frank Sytner (1988) et Will Hoy (1991, et titre constructeur), le Championnat de France de Supertourisme le fut aussi par deux fois grâce à Jean-Pierre Malcher (1989 et 1990; plus Dayraut en 2001 sur la version Silhouette), et le titre national Belge Grand Tourisme 1996 revint à l’équipage Hubert/Hubert/Duez; la voiture remporta notamment les 24 Heures du Nürburgring en 1989 (avec Ravaglia), 1990, 1991 et 1992 (Duez alors lauréat), puis 1994, 1996 et 1997 (E36 pour les deux dernières dates), et les 24 Heures de Spa en 1987, 1988 (avec Ravaglia), 1990 et 1992.

Ravaglia a ainsi pu obtenir le WTCC (1987), l’ETCC (1988) et le DTM (1989) avec la M3. Dans la foulée il a aussi remporté le Campionato Italiano Superturismo en 1990 et 1991 (16 victoires en deux ans). Sa première grande victoire sur M3 avait été au Grand Prix automobile de Macao, en 1987.

M3 E36 (1992-1999)
M3 E36
BMW M3
Marque BMW
Années de production 1992-1999
Production 71 242 exemplaires
Classe Sportive, GT,
Moteur et transmission
Moteur(s) S50B30 (3.0l) / S50B32 (3 2 l)
Puissance maximale 210 kW soit 286 ch (3 l) et 236 kW soit 321 ch (3,2 l) ch
Couple maximal 350 Nm à 3 200 tr/min Nm
Transmission propulsion
Poids et performances
Poids à vide 1 460 kg pour la 3.0l et 1 474 kg pour la 3.2l kg
Vitesse maximale 290 km/h
Accélération 0 à 100 km/h en 5,4 s pour la 3.2l et 5,7 s à 6 s pour la 3.0l s
Consommation mixte Ville/route/mixte : 16,9 / 7,5 / 11,0 L/100 km
Châssis – Carrosserie
Carrosserie(s) coupé (2 portes), sedan (4 portes) et cabriolet (2 portes)
Suspensions Pseudo MacPherson avant/ multi bras arrière
Dimensions
Longueur 4 430 mm
Largeur 1 710 mm
Hauteur 1 340 mm
Chronologie des modèles
Précédent BMW M3 E30 BMW M3 E46 Suivant
modifier Consultez la documentation du modèle

La M3 E36, commercialisée à partir de 1992 n’a plus grand-chose à voir avec la version précédente : l’E30. En effet, d’un point de vue esthétique, la ligne est entièrement revue.

Mais c’est au niveau du moteur que la division "M" de BMW a effectué les plus gros changements : le 4 cylindres de l’E30 est remplacé par un 6 cylindres en ligne de 3 L et gagne ainsi, dans un premier temps, plus de 50 chevaux pour atteindre, sur la première version d’E36, 286 ch. D’autre modifications apparaissent en 1996 avec un 6 cylindres de 3,2 l équipé d’une épure binaire circulaire variable grâce au « vanos », qui lui confère un couple incroyable de 350 Nm. La puissance atteint les 321 ch accouplés à une boîte 6 vitesses, deuxième changement majeur de cette nouvelle version d’E36 M3. Elle a d’ailleurs été élue voiture du XXe siècle par le magazine Auto Plus, et voiture la plus maniable de l’époque par Car and Driver Magazine.

M3 E46 (2000-2006)
BMW M3 E46
BMW M3
Marque BMW
Années de production 2001-2006
Classe Sportives, GT
Moteur et transmission
Moteur(s) Essence 6 en ligne 3 246 cm3
Puissance maximale 3431 ch
Couple maximal 3652 Nm
Transmission Propulsion
Poids et performances
Poids à vide 1 4853 kg
Vitesse maximale 300 km/h
Accélération 0 à 100 km/h en 5,24 s
Consommation mixte 12.1 L/100 km
Émission de CO2 292 g/km
Châssis – Carrosserie
Carrosserie(s) Coupé et Cabriolet
Suspensions ???
Dimensions
Longueur 4 492 mm
Largeur 1 780 mm
Hauteur 1 370 mm
Chronologie des modèles
Précédent M3 E36 M3 E92 Suivant
modifier Consultez la documentation du modèle

La M3 E46 présente des attributs esthétiques évocateurs : ailes enflées, larges prise d’air, capot bosselé, petit becquet arrière, deux doubles sorties d’échappement, jantes 18" (19" en option), mais l’ensemble se veut haut de gamme et plutôt raffiné. À bord, en revanche, rien de neuf, la M3 se démarque très peu d’un coupé Série 3. Au niveau du moteur, elle possède une mécanique bien peu ordinaire. En effet, le six-cylindres 3,2 L de la version précédente est reconduit mais a gagné 45 cm3, 22 ch et 1,3 mkg de couple, obtenus 1 650 tr/min plus haut. Avec un rendement exceptionnel de 106 ch/litre, ce bloc vient rejoindre le podium des meilleurs « atmos » du moment, juste derrière la Honda S2000 et la Ferrari 360 Modena. Au-delà des chiffres, la disponibilité de cette mécanique sur une large plage d’utilisation réjouit tout autant que sa sonorité sportive à souhait. Un bouton "sport" au tableau de bord améliore la réponse des injecteurs et permet une conduite encore plus active. Au tableau de bord, un compte-tours "thermostatique" vous aide à prendre soin du bijou. Moteur froid, des diodes orange ponctuent chaque 500 tr/min à partir de 4 000 tr/min. Elles s’éteignent ensuite une à une quand le moteur monte en température. Avec ses 343 ch, elle effectue le 0 à 100 km/h en 5"25, 80 à 120 en 5"4 (en 4e). Cette nouvelle version ne fait pas beaucoup mieux que la précédente car elle a grossi et son rapport poids/puissance reste donc inchangé. Niveau consommation, la M3 E46 consomme 11,5 L/100 km, mais peut consommer jusqu’à 60 L/100 km en activant régulièrement le bouton "sport" sur le tableau de bord. En ce qui concerne le freinage, talon d’Achille des BMW M, comme sur l’ancienne version, les quatre grands disques sont suffisants en temps normal, mais leur efficacité est rapidement mise à mal en rythme soutenu pour stopper les 1 500 kg de cette sportive. La M3 E46 perpétue avec brio la réputation liée à son nom. Plus facile et abordable qu’auparavant, elle conserve un rapport prix/performances avantageux.

M3 E90/E92 (2007-2013)
BMW M3 (E92)
BMW M3
Marque BMW
Années de production 2007-2012
Classe Sportive, GT
Moteur et transmission
Moteur(s) Essence V8 4,0 l
Puissance maximale 309 kW soit 420 ch
Couple maximal 400 Nm
Transmission Manuelle 6 rapports
Propulsion
Poids et performances
Poids à vide 1 655 kg
Vitesse maximale 310 km/h
Accélération 0 à 100 km/h en 4,8 s
Consommation mixte 12,76 L/100 km
Émission de CO2 287 à 2927 g/km
Châssis – Carrosserie
Carrosserie(s) coupé 2 portes, berline 4 portes et cabriolet
Suspensions Ressorts hélicoïdaux
amortisseurs à gaz
barre antiroulis
Dimensions
Longueur 4 620 mm
Largeur 1 800 mm
Hauteur 1 420 mm
Chronologie des modèles
Précédent BMW M3 E46 BMW M4 F32 Suivant
modifier Consultez la documentation du modèle

Cette génération de BMW M3 se positionne comme la rivale de l’Audi RS4 (pour la E90) et de l’audi RS5 (pour la E92), mais aussi de la Mercedes C63 AMG
Performances

S’offrant pour la première fois un moteur à 8 cylindres en V de série, installé en position centrale avant, cette quatrième génération de M3 développe 420 ch à 8 300 tr/min et abat ainsi le 0 à 100 km/h en 4,8 s. Constitué d’un bloc en alliage d’aluminium et de silicium, le moteur de la BMW M3 affiche une puissance spécifique de 105 ch par litre de cylindrée. Son couple maximum atteint les 400 Nm à 3 900 tr/min, dont 85 % délivré sur une plage de plus de 6 500 tr/min. La M3 se dote en effet d’une distribution variable de 8 papillons de gaz et d’un alternateur débrayable.
Séries limitées

En novembre 2009, BMW lance la M3 GTS limitée à 250 exemplaires. Sur le plan des performances, elle garde son V8 dont la puissance a été amenée à 450 ch. Sur le plan de l’esthétique, elle se pare d’une couleur orange exclusive avec un aileron typé course. À l’intérieur, BMW adapte la recette qui a fait le succès de la Porsche 911 GT3 RS : pas de GPS, ni de climatisation et des lanières en guise de poignées de portes. Enfin, le coupé perd ses deux places à l’arrière, et les remplace par un arceau-cage couleur carrosserie, un extincteur de course, donnant l’impression qu’il s’agit plus d’une bête de course qu’une voiture de tous les jours. Elle est d’ailleurs souvent comparée à la BMW M3 GTR E46.

L’année suivante, BMW dévoile la M3 Frozen Gray. Produite à seulement trente exemplaires, et seulement aux États-Unis, elle se reconnaît par sa teinte grise matte (référencée comme Frozen Gray chez BMW), ses jantes 19 pouces à l’extérieur, et son cuir bi-ton roux et noir à l’intérieur. Le moteur conserve ses 420 chevaux, mais la boîte DCT à double embrayage est fournie de série. Tout acheteur de cette Frozen Gray se verra offrir un stage de la BMW Performance Driving School.

En juin 2011, un modèle encore plus exclusif la CRT (pour Carbon Racing Technology), basé sur la M3 Saloon E90 fait la part belle au carbone, permettant la perte de 45 kg, le tout en gardant les équipements de confort (GPS et climatisation) qui font d’elle une berline de luxe. Elle est produite à seulement 67 exemplaires, le moteur garde ses 420 chevaux, mais il s’agit de la première édition spéciale de la M3 qui n’est disponible qu’en berline 4 portes. Toutefois, il faut noter qu’à l’arrière, ce ne sont plus trois personnes, mais deux personnes qui pourront s’y asseoir, dans deux beaux sièges baquets. Elle se reconnaît par sa teinte grise matte son cuir rouge, et ses jantes Full Black.

En 2012, BMW sort 3 séries spéciales de sa M3 en France. La M3 CS, la M3 Frozen 40 et la M3 DTM Champion Edition. La M3 CS, exclusivement française, se distingue par une teinte bleue matte éclatante (Frozen Blau), ainsi que par son intérieur aux surpiqûres bleues, avec une touche de rouge sur le volant. Il s’agit d’une version dépouillée, spécialement destinée aux virées sur circuit. La M3 Frozen 40, elle, a été créée pour toute l’Europe, et célébrait les 40 ans de BMW Motorsport. Elle se distingue à l’extérieur d’une M3 « normale » grâce à une calandre chromée, ainsi que des sorties d’échappement et des ouïes latérales noires. La version Frozen 40 dispose aussi de 4 coloris spécifiques mats, toutes nommées Frozen, que ce soit en bleu, bleu foncé, blanc ou rouge. À l’intérieur, la sellerie est exclusive, et les surpiqûres sont assorties à la teinte extérieure. Enfin, la version M3 DTM Champion Edition est un hommage à Bruno Spengler, le pilote canadien victorieux du championnat allemand DTM sur BMW M3. Elle est très facilement reconnaissable, grâce à sa teinte matte Frozen Black, ses bandes de pavillon aux couleurs de Motorsport, ainsi que le sticker sponsor sur la vitre de custode. Les jantes full black rajoutent une touche d’agressivité à la voiture. À l’intérieur, les inserts en carbone reçoivent la signature de Bruno Spengler, ainsi qu’une numérotation. Seulement 54 exemplaires seront produits.

The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3-Series, developed by BMW’s in-house motorsport division, BMW M. M3 models have been derived from the E30, E36, E46, E90/E92/E93, and F30 3-series, and sold with coupe, saloon and convertible body styles. Upgrades over the "standard" 3-Series automobiles include more powerful and responsive engines, improved handling/suspension/braking systems, aerodynamic body enhancements, and interior/exterior accents with the tri-colour "M" (Motorsport) emblem. The last M3 coupe was produced in Germany on 5 July 2013. Part of BMW’s renumbering to move the 3-Series coupe and convertible to the 4-Series, the M3 name will remain with the saloon version as the coupe version has ceased production and has been replaced by the M4 Coupe starting with the 2015 model year.

E92 M3 ZCP Competition Package

For 2011, BMW added the ZCP Competition Package to the M3’s lineup. Unlike the ZCP offered on the previous generation E46, the newest package didn’t change very much about the E92. Most of the adjustments were made to suspension components and the computer governing stability control. The changes for the E92 ZCP are as follows:

– The suspension has been lowered by 10mm. The spring rates are the same, but the springs themselves are shorter, to compensate for the shorter stance. The suspension’s shock damping was also adjusted by the M division. This was in order to compensate for the lower ride height, primarily for rebounding damping rates as opposed to actual compression.

– The Electronic Damper Control in the “Sport Mode” has been modified. A quote taken from the Manager of BMWNA’s M Division, Larry Koch: “The Sport Mode before ZCP was locked at 75% of the way to full stiff. It still has that as a default, but is now variable like the ‘Comfort’ and ‘Normal’ modes.” This translates to a stiffer ride whilst sport mode is engaged, aiding heavy cornering on a track at a cost to ride comfort when driving normally on the road.

– Modifications have been made to the computer governing the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) in M Dynamic Mode. It is reworked and renamed to “Dynamic Traction Control” (DTC) which allows for larger angles of slip in heavy cornering. This translates to the rear end sliding out further than would be allowed on a non-ZCP M3 before the DTC kicks in to stop the tail slide. Also, once the DTC does kick in, instead of cutting power to the wheels in order to correct the slide (which is normal for the DSC on stock M3s), the DTC computer instead applies the brakes to individual wheels in order to keep the car from spinning excessively.

– In addition, forged 19 inch wheels in the same style as those on the E46 CSL are added to the car.
E92 M3 GTS
M3 GTS at the Autosport International Show 2011.

BMW announced the M3 GTS in November 2009. The car is powered by a 4.4-litre V8 based on the 4.0-litre engine found in the standard M3, which produces a maximum of 450 PS (331 kW; 444 hp). The car weighs 300 pounds less than the standard M3 due to various weight savings. A total of only 250 units were produced. This can accelerate from 0-62 mph in just 4.3 seconds and 0-100 mph in 8.5 seconds. In Germany deliveries began in May 2010 while other countries were scheduled for the summer of 2010. The BMW E92 M3 GTS was priced at around €115,000 per unit. All E92 M3 GTS models have been sold.
E90 M3 CRT

The M3 CRT (Carbon Racing Technology) was announced in June 2011 as a 2012 model. It is powered by the same engine as the GTS, but in opposite to the GTS coupe with roll cage and 4-point harnesses, the CRT is a saloon with navigation, high-end sound system etc. as standard equipment. Despite these luxury extras, the car still weighs 100 lb (45 kg) less than a regular M3 saloon. Compared to a saloon with the same luxury equipment, it weighs 155 lb (70 kg) less. The production will be limited to 67 cars, all numbered with a plaque on the dashboard. And it is claimed that it can accelerate from 0 to 62 mph (100 km/h) in just 4.4 seconds.
E92 M3 DTM Champion Edition

BMW Motorsport returned to the DTM in 2012, and the "DTM Champion Edition" was built to commemorate it winning the championship. The "DTM Champion Edition" was available only in the Frozen Black paint finish with the same M stripes over the roof and boot lid as on Bruno Spengler’s race car. It also incorporated visual clues to the race car, such as carbon flaps and gurney, dark chrome elements and matt black wheels. The interior had some exclusive parts such as interior trim in carbon fibre, Alcantara steering wheel and "M Power" embroidered on the handbrake grip. Each car had a numbered plaque with Spengler’s signature and the text "DTM champion 2012" above the glove box.

As the car was focused on high performance, options as M Drive, M DCT Drivelogic and the M Driver’s Package were fitted as standard equipment. For the car to have everyday usability, options as navigation system, heated seats and PDC were also standard.

The DTM Champion Edition was produced from February 2013, in a limited number of 54 cars, the same number as BMW’s victories in DTM. In Germany, the price started at €99,000.00 including VAT.
E92 M3 Lime Rock Park Edition

The M3 Lime Rock Park Edition was a US specific model, with a production limited to 200 cars, painted in Fire Orange. All 200 of these 2013 vehicles came with carbon fiber performance parts, such as roof, front splitter, rear spoiler, competition package, a lowered ride height in front of .60 inches, track style steering with fewer turns to lock and a lightweight muffler, courtesy of BMW’s MGmbh division. BMW claims the model has no added horsepower, however, when marketing the lightweight Inconel-titanium BMW Motorsports Exhaust to stock M3 vehicles, BMW Claims that the system adds about 5 H.P. The Lime Rock Park editions were equipped with either 6 speed transmissions, or the optional DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission). No changes made to the original 4.0L V8 (414 HP, redline 8300 rpm); however the ECU is programmed slightly differently from standard M3 vehicles with less interference from the dynamic stability control and a less interfering traction control. Each LRP edition’s governor is limited for achieving its natural top speed, which is claimed to be 187 MPH (Roughly 300 kph). Each M3 LRP Edition comes with a numbered plaque and paper certificate, each one reading "One of 200" instead of a numbering sequence. BMW did this to ensure none of the cars were worth more than another.
Racing
Rahal Letterman M3 GT2 racing at the 2009 Petit Le Mans
Schnitzer Motorsport’s BMW M3 GT2 racing at the 2010 1000 km of Zhuhai.
E92 M3 GT2

BMW Motorsport announced in February 2008 that Rahal Letterman Racing will campaign two factory-backed E92 M3s in the American Le Mans Series in 2009, following a two-year absence by the brand. The cars are homologated for the GT2 category. This was the cover car for the simulation racing game Need for Speed: Shift. Schnitzer Motorsport entered 2 cars at the 1000 km of Spa and finished 4th after a move by the Ferrari in the final corner. For 2010, BMW Motorsport has been granted entry in the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans and in the 2010 24 Hours Nürburgring. BMW Motorsport/Schnitzer Motorsport went onto to take an overall win at the 24 Hours Nürburgring with the #25 M3 GT2 of Jörg Müller, Augusto Farfus, Pedro Lamy, and Uwe Alzen while the top competitors from Porsche and Audi dropped out one by one. In addition, one of the M3 GT2’s that competed at Le Mans (#79) has been chosen as the 17th BMW Art Car, which will be done by American artist, Jeff Koons. At the 2010 24 Hours of Spa, BMW qualified 1st in class (2nd overall) and maintained 1st with the #79 car throughout the race until it succumbed to a suspension failure with just half an hour remaining, forcing them to give the overall lead to two Porsche 997 GT3-RSRs. The M3s still came 1st in the GTN class. The BMW M3s won the GT2 category in the ILMC 1000 km of Zhuhai. In 2011, the BMW achieved a 1-2 finish in the 12 Hours of Sebring. In the 2011 American Le Mans Series GT class, BMW Team RLL swept all categories, winning the GT manufacturer, team and driver championships. They contest another year in the ALMS GT class, coming off of another fantastic win at the 2012 60th running of the 12 Hours of Sebring. The M3 GT2 was succeeded by the BMW Z4 GTE, an LMGTE specification racing car alongside the Group GT3 spec BMW Z4 GT3. The Z4 GTE started racing at the 2013 12 Hours of Sebring.
E92 M3 GT4

On 10 April 2009, the week after the debut of the GT4, BMW’s Customer Racing program announced it had partnered with Schubert Motorsport (sponsored by Motorsport Arena Oschersleben) to run the BMW M3 GT4 in the 2009 24 Hours Nürburgring race, in the new class for GT4 cars, listed as SP10 there. The BMW M3 GT4 also raced in the Nürburgring VLN ADAC Westfalenfahrt in April 2009, taking the win in the SP10 class and finishing 30th overall. The 2009 24h race took place on the weekend of 23 and 24 May, with Jörg Müller, Andy Priaulx and sport auto journalist Jochen Übler at the wheel. Despite qualifying as best SP10/GT4 car at 57th overall and being at least 10 seconds per lap faster, the team finished third in the class, behind two Aston Martin V8 Vantage N24. The overall rank was 47th.

BMW Motorsport announced on 7 July 2009 the launch of a line of BMW M3 race cars which meet the SRO/FIA’s GT4 spec and are oriented for sale to private teams and drivers. The BMW M3 GT4 price is 121,500 EUR without VAT. While BMW states that ‘the BMW M3 GT4 weighs just 1,430 kilograms’ and the ‘420 bhp engine remained largely untouched’, the 2010 24 Hours Nürburgring "Balance of Performance" requires that the power must not exceed 390 PS (385 HP), while the minimum weight is set to 1400 kg.

The M3 GT4 is offered in Europe as a homologated production race car for sale to the general public. According to Larry Koch, then BMW NA M-brand manager, a feasibility study is currently being conducted to evaluate the possible sale of the M3 GT4 in North America. However, without a sanctioned GT4-class racing series in the USA, the sale of the M3 GT4 in the States is not likely.
Critical reception

Arthur St. Antoine of Motor Trend magazine says: "World’s single greatest car? Seriously? Yes – the new BMW M3 is unquestionably a contender. Probably no other car combines so many virtues – speed, handling, good looks, roominess, practicality – into one package. Driving the new BMW M3 is an absolutely blissful experience, flooding your brain with dopamine as if you were arriving to courtside seats at the Lakers game with Jennifer Connelly on your arm." -and- "If you put an F1 car and a premium sedan in a blender, the M3 would be the cocktail that pours out. Mmmm, nothing else like it. A toast then: To the BMW M3, the greatest all-around car in the world."
Mark Gillies of Car and Driver magazine says: "A car has got to be pretty spectacular to win over the curmudgeons here at 1585 Eisenhower Place, especially when familiarity sets in over the course of 40,000 miles. But our Sparkling Graphite Metallic M3 did indeed win us over.", and "Based on our experience, the current M3 is the world’s all-around best car for the money, although several staffers would have preferred to trade some of the coupe’s looks for the added practicality of the sedan.", and "This is the finest car on the market, period."
Ezra Dyer of Automobile magazine once suggested that "…car magazines generally regard the M3 the same way a four-year-old regards Santa Claus."
Jeremy Clarkson of BBC television show Top Gear says: "This [The M3] is the best car, and always will be, and there’s no point in ever thinking otherwise."
Mark Magrath of Edmunds Inside Line wrote these comments after driving a 2009 E90 M3 saloon in the canyons of Southern California: "This is the best most complete car in the world. It’s actually a bargain for what you get. Wow."
In the high-performance sports luxury niche (an entry-level luxury/compact executive car with a V8 engine), the E90 M3 (usually an E92 M3 Coupé being tested) has won comparison tests against rivals such as the Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG, Lexus IS-F, Audi RS4, Audi RS5 and Cadillac CTS-V.

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: P-40 Warhawk & F-4 Corsair hanging over the SR-71 Blackbird, among others

Image by Chris Devers
Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Curtiss P-40E Warhawk (Kittyhawk IA):

Whether known as the Warhawk, Tomahawk, or Kittyhawk, the Curtiss P-40 proved to be a successful, versatile fighter during the first half of World War II. The shark-mouthed Tomahawks that Gen. Claire Chennault’s "Flying Tigers" flew in China against the Japanese remain among the most popular airplanes of the war. P-40E pilot Lt. Boyd D. Wagner became the first American ace of World War II when he shot down six Japanese aircraft in the Philippines in mid-December 1941.

Curtiss-Wright built this airplane as Model 87-A3 and delivered it to Canada as a Kittyhawk I in 1941. It served until 1946 in No. 111 Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Force. U.S. Air Force personnel at Andrews Air Force Base restored it in 1975 to represent an aircraft of the 75th Fighter Squadron, 23rd Fighter Group, 14th Air Force.

Donated by the Exchange Club in Memory of Kellis Forbes.

Manufacturer:
Curtiss Aircraft Company

Date:
1939

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Overall: 330 x 970cm, 2686kg, 1140cm (10ft 9 15/16in. x 31ft 9 7/8in., 5921.6lb., 37ft 4 13/16in.)

Materials:
All-metal, semi-monocoque

Physical Description:
Single engine, single seat, fighter aircraft.

• • • • •

See more photos of this, and the Wikipedia article.

Details, quoting from Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird:

No reconnaissance aircraft in history has operated globally in more hostile airspace or with such complete impunity than the SR-71, the world’s fastest jet-propelled aircraft. The Blackbird’s performance and operational achievements placed it at the pinnacle of aviation technology developments during the Cold War.

This Blackbird accrued about 2,800 hours of flight time during 24 years of active service with the U.S. Air Force. On its last flight, March 6, 1990, Lt. Col. Ed Yielding and Lt. Col. Joseph Vida set a speed record by flying from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C., in 1 hour, 4 minutes, and 20 seconds, averaging 3,418 kilometers (2,124 miles) per hour. At the flight’s conclusion, they landed at Washington-Dulles International Airport and turned the airplane over to the Smithsonian.

Transferred from the United States Air Force.

Manufacturer:
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

Designer:
Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson

Date:
1964

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Overall: 18ft 5 15/16in. x 55ft 7in. x 107ft 5in., 169998.5lb. (5.638m x 16.942m x 32.741m, 77110.8kg)
Other: 18ft 5 15/16in. x 107ft 5in. x 55ft 7in. (5.638m x 32.741m x 16.942m)

Materials:
Titanium

Physical Description:
Twin-engine, two-seat, supersonic strategic reconnaissance aircraft; airframe constructed largley of titanium and its alloys; vertical tail fins are constructed of a composite (laminated plastic-type material) to reduce radar cross-section; Pratt and Whitney J58 (JT11D-20B) turbojet engines feature large inlet shock cones.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Vought F4U-1D Corsair :

By V-J Day, September 2, 1945, Corsair pilots had amassed an 11:1 kill ratio against enemy aircraft. The aircraft’s distinctive inverted gull-wing design allowed ground clearance for the huge, three-bladed Hamilton Standard Hydromatic propeller, which spanned more than 4 meters (13 feet). The Pratt and Whitney R-2800 radial engine and Hydromatic propeller was the largest and one of the most powerful engine-propeller combinations ever flown on a fighter aircraft.

Charles Lindbergh flew bombing missions in a Corsair with Marine Air Group 31 against Japanese strongholds in the Pacific in 1944. This airplane is painted in the colors and markings of the Corsair Sun Setter, a Marine close-support fighter assigned to the USS Essex in July 1944.

Transferred from the United States Navy.

Manufacturer:
Vought Aircraft Company

Date:
1940

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Overall: 460 x 1020cm, 4037kg, 1250cm (15ft 1 1/8in. x 33ft 5 9/16in., 8900lb., 41ft 1/8in.)

Materials:
All metal with fabric-covered wings behind the main spar.

Physical Description:
R-2800 radial air-cooled engine with 1,850 horsepower, turned a three-blade Hamilton Standard Hydromatic propeller with solid aluminum blades spanning 13 feet 1 inch; wing bent gull-shaped on both sides of the fuselage.

Cool Cnc Cutting Machine photos

Cool Cnc Cutting Machine photos

Klarm Machining

Check out these cnc cutting machine photos:

Table family

Image by andreas.hopf
Right after drawing a tabletop shape, setting the height and weight, the multi-objective optimisation grows a number of objects which can serve as the basis for additional evolutions. The table program outputs data for the laser-cutting and the CNC bending machine. For assembly, stainless steel and brass cells are bonded with metal adhesives. 3 exemplary objects were fabricated as proof of idea and exhibited.

Lazerian: Indus lampshade

Image by Liverpool Style Festival
The Indus lamp-shade is portion of a series of lights, which were the result of experiments with computer design and style and CNC manufacture. Every Indus lampshade comprises machine cut components, which are assembled and completed by hand in the Lazerian studio. Offered in a number of various sizes. Style Liam Hopkins and Richard Sweeney

Marina Bay

Marina Bay

Klarm Machining

A couple of nice grinding machining images I discovered:

Marina Bay

Image by Shaojin+AT
Image: Helix Bridge &amp Marina Bay Sands
Place: Marina Bay, Singapore

Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort fronting Marina Bay in Singapore. Developed by Las Vegas Sands, it is billed as the world’s most high-priced standalone casino property at S billion (US.7 billion), including price of the prime land.[1][2]
With the casino complete, the resort characteristics a 2,560-space hotel, a 120,000 sq.m. convention-exhibition center, The Shoppes mall, an Art &amp Science museum, two Sands Theatres, six &quotcelebrity chef&quot restaurants, two floating pavilions, a casino with 500 tables and 1,600 slot machines. The complicated is topped by a 340m-lengthy SkyPark with a capacity of three,900 men and women and a 150m infinity swimming pool, set on leading of the world’s biggest public cantilevered platform, which overhangs the north tower by 67m.[3][4] The 20-hectare resort was designed by Moshe Safdie Architects. The nearby architect of record was Aedas Singapore, and engineering was supplied by Arup and Parsons Brinkerhoff (MEP).
Initially set to open in 2009, Las Vegas Sands faced delays triggered by escalating expenses of material and labour shortages from the onset. The serious global financial crisis also pressured the organization to delay its projects elsewhere to full the integrated resort.[5] Despite the fact that Marina Bay Sands has been compared on scale and improvement costs to MGM’s CityCenter, the latter is a mixed-use development, with condominium properties – comprising 3 of the seven principal structures, becoming sold off.[six][7]
The resort was officially opened with a two-day celebration on 23 June 2010 at three.18 pm, right after a partial opening earlier in April. It was, nonetheless, not completed at the time of the April opening, which was marked by quite a few service failures.[eight] The museum, theatres and floating pavilions are nevertheless being constructed and are anticipated to be totally completed by December 2010.

Background

Element of the parcel of land for Marina Bay Sands in the foreground prior to improvement. The parcel overlooks Singapore’s financial district in the background.
Marina Bay Sands is 1 of two winning proposals for Singapore’s first Integrated Resorts, the other getting the Resorts Globe Sentosa, which incorporates a family members-friendly Universal Studios Theme Park. The two massive-scale resorts have been conceived to meet Singapore’s financial and tourism objectives for the subsequent decade and they will have 30-year casino licenses, exclusive for the very first ten years.
Bidders were assessed based on four criteria:
tourism appeal and contribution
architectural concept and design
development investment
strength of the consortium and partners
On 27 Might 2006, Las Vegas Sands (LVS) was declared winner of the Marina Bay web site in the prime new enterprise district of Marina South with its organization-oriented resort. LVS highlighted its forte in Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing and Exhibitions (MICE), of which its founder, Sheldon Adelson, is a pioneer in Las Vegas and the crucial to his early company good results.[9] In the Design Evaluation portion of the tender, a panel of regional and international architects commended Sands’ style as superior to other bids in terms of pedestrian circulation and layout, and it also match in with the Marina Bay landscape best. They liked that the hotel towers was set back from the waterfront to open up expansive views of the city and the entire Marina Bay, producing the skyline for Singapore’s downtown more eye-catching and distinctive.[10]
Singapore Tourism Board highlighted Sands’ line-up of six celebrity chefs, such as Australia’s Tetsuya Wakuda and Thomas Keller (Napa Valley, California, USA) and Charlie Trotter (Chicago, USA).
LVS submitted its winning bid on its personal. Its original companion City Developments Limited (CDL), with a proposed 15 per cent equity stake, pulled out of the partnership in the second phase of the tender method. CDL’s CEO, Kwek Leng Beng stated his company’s pullout was a combination of factors – such as troubles in getting quite a few organizations he owns to comply in time, as well as reluctance of some parties to disclose certain private information in probity checks required by the Singapore government.[11] However, Kwek was retained as an advisor for Sands’ bid.
[edit]Investment

Inside the Marina Bay Sands Hotel
Las Vegas Sands initially committed to invest S.85 billion (about US.85 billion) in the project, not including the fixed S.2 billion (about US8 million) cost of the 6,000,000 square feet (560,000 m2) web site itself.[12] With the escalating charges of materials, such as sand and steel, and labour shortages owing to other key infrastructure and home development in the nation, Sheldon Adelson spot the total cost of the development at S. billion (about US.9 billion) as of July 2009.[1][13]
Las Vegas Sands declared the undertaking as &quotone of the world’s most difficult building projects and undoubtedly the most high-priced stand-alone integrated resort property ever constructed&quot.[14] It expects the casino to produce at least billion in annual profit.[6] Two months following the initial phased opening, the casino attracts about 25,000 guests every day, about a third being Singaporeans and permanent residents who spend a everyday entry levy or ,000 for annual unlimited access.[15] Half a million gamblers passed by way of the casino in June 2010.[16]
For the economy, Marina Bay Sands is projected to stimulate an addition of .7 billion or .8 per cent to Singapore’s Gross Domestic Item by 2015, employing 10,000 individuals straight and 20,000 jobs being designed in other industries.[11]
The resort is designed by Moshe Safdie, who says it was initially inspired by card decks. In addition to the casino, other essential elements of the plan are 3 hotel towers with 2,500 rooms and suites, a 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m2) Art-Science museum and a convention centre with 1,200,000 square feet (111,000 m2) of space, capable of accommodating up to 45,000 individuals. The resort’s architecture and major design and style adjustments along the way had been also authorized by a number of consultant feng shui masters.[citation necessary]
[edit]Opening

For the duration of the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics opening ceremony
Marina Bay Sands was originally planned to be completed in a single phase in 2009,[13] but increasing construction charges and the economic crisis forced the business to open it in phases. The very first phase’s preview opening was additional delayed until 27 April 2010, and the grand opening was pushed back to 23 June 2010. The rest of the complicated stay beneath construction and will not be completed prior to 2011.
On 27 April 2010, Marina Bay Sands had the first of a planned three to 4 phase openings. The casino, parts of the conference hall, a segment of the Shoppes, 963 hotel rooms and the event plaza had been opened at the auspicious time of three:18 p.m as part of the &quotpreview opening&quot.[17]
The Inter-Pacific Bar Association (IPBA) held the 1st conference at Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre on 2–5 May 2010, but the event was marred by uncompleted facilities and a power failure during a speech. IPBA withheld payment of S0,000 and was consequently sued by Marina Bay Sands.[18] In June IPBA counter-sued, describing the venue as a &quotcomplete disaster&quot and that its earlier payments had been imposed by &quotduress, fear and force&quot.[18] An &quotamitable settlement&quot with undisclosed terms was announced in August.[19]
On 23 June 2010, the resort had its official opening with a &quot2-day celebration&quot this involves the Sands SkyPark, the Event Plaza along Marina Bay, far more shops, additional dining choices and nightlife offerings, and the rest of the hotel rooms. Initial day events integrated – a &quotWorld Championship Climb&quot on the glass facade of the building to the SkyPark, with 7 teams of 21 best rock climbers from around the planet competing, and an evening concert for four,000 invited guests and buyers, featuring Diana Ross, Kelly Rowland, JJ Lin amongst other folks. The SkyPark was opened on the second day at two pm,[14] with about 2,000 adult tickets costing S each and every sold.[20]
[edit]Timeline forecast
In December 2010, the Art-Science Museum, two Sands Theatres and two floating Crystal Pavilions will be completed.
In March 2011, Disney’s The Lion King musical production will debut at the Marina Bay Sands Theatre.[21]
[edit]Attractions

View of the CBD skyline, City Hall, and Esplanade from the SkyPark

View of Singapore Flyer from the SkyPark
Marina Bay Sands characteristics 3 55-storey hotel towers which had been topped out in July 2009. The 3 towers are connected by a 1 hectare sky terrace on the roof, named Sands SkyPark.
In front of the three towers consist of a Theatre Block, a Convention and Exhibition Facilities Block, as well as the Casino Block, which have up to 1000 gaming tables and 1400 slot machines. The Art-Science Museum is constructed next to the three blocks and has the shape of a lotus. Its roof will be retractable, supplying a waterfall via the roof of collected rainwater when closed in the day and with laser shows when opened at evening. The Art-Science Museum opens in December 2010.
The SkyPark is house to the world’s longest elevated swimming pool, [22] with a 478-foot (146-meter) vanishing edge, perched 191 meters above the ground. The pools are made up of 422,000 pounds of stainless steel and can hold 376,500 gallons (1424 cubic metres) of water. The SkyPark also boasts rooftop restaurants, nightclubs, gardens hundreds of trees and plants and a public observatory with 360-degree views of the Singapore skyline.
There are four movement joints beneath the main pools, created to aid them withstand the natural motion of the towers, and every single joint has a special range of motion. The total range of motion is 19.68 inches (500 millimetres). In addition to wind, the hotel towers are also topic to settlement in the earth over time, so engineers built and installed custom jack legs to permit for future adjustment at a lot more than 500 points beneath the pool method. This jacking system is essential mostly to ensure the infinity edge of the pool continues to function properly.[23]
Moshe Safdie created an Art Path within the resort, incorporating seven installations by five artists which includes Sol Lewitt, Antony Gormley and Zheng Chongbin. The pieces are meant to play on environmental influences such as light, water and wind, integrating art with architecture.[24]

Source from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Bay_Sands

undesirable organization

Image by ATOMIC Hot Links

Good Precision Turning And Machining pictures

Good Precision Turning And Machining pictures

Klarm Machining

A handful of nice precision turning and machining images I found:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: south hangar panorama, including Grumman G-22 “Gulfhawk II”, Boeing 367-80 (707) Jet Transport, Air France Concorde amongst other people

Image by Chris Devers
Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | North American P-51C, &quotExcalibur III&quot:

On May possibly 29, 1951, Capt. Charles F. Blair flew Excalibur III from Norway across the North Pole to Alaska in a record-setting 10½ hours. Utilizing a system of carefully plotted &quotsun lines&quot he created, Blair was in a position to navigate with precision exactly where traditional magnetic compasses usually failed. 4 months earlier, he had flown Excalibur III from New York to London in significantly less than 8 hours, breaking the current mark by over an hour.

Excalibur III first belonged to famed aviator A. Paul Mantz, who added additional fuel tanks for long-distance racing to this normal P-51C fighter. With it Mantz won the 1946 and 1947 Bendix air race and set a transcontinental speed record in 1947 when the airplane was named Blaze of Noon. Blair purchased it from Mantz in 1949 and renamed it Excalibur III, after the Sikorsky VS-44 flying boat he flew for American Export Airlines.

Gift of Pan American World Airways

Manufacturer:
North American Aircraft Firm

Date:
1944

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Wingspan: 11.3 m (37 ft)
Length: 9.8 m (32 ft 3 in)
Height: three.9 m (12 ft ten in)
Weight, empty: 4,445 kg (9,800 lb)
Weight, gross: five,052 kg (11,800 lb)
Leading speed: 700 km/h (435 mph)

Supplies:
All round: Aluminum

Physical Description:
Single seat, single engine, low wing monoplane, Globe War II fighter modified for racing.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Grumman G-22 &quotGulfhawk II&quot:

One of the most exciting aerobatic aircraft of the 1930s and ’40s, the Grumman Gulfhawk II was constructed for retired naval aviator and air show pilot Al Williams. As head of the Gulf Oil Company’s aviation department, Williams flew in military and civilian air shows about the country, performing precision aerobatics and dive-bombing maneuvers to market military aviation throughout the interwar years.

The sturdy civilian biplane, with its robust aluminum monocoque fuselage and Wright Cyclone engine, almost matched the Grumman F3F standard Navy fighter, which was operational at the time. It took its orange paint scheme from Williams’ Curtiss 1A Gulfhawk, also in the Smithsonian’s collection. Williams personally piloted the Gulfhawk II on its last flight in 1948 to Washington’s National Airport.

Gift of Gulf Oil Corporation

Manufacturer:
Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation

Date:
1936

Country of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Wingspan: eight.7 m (28 ft 7 in)
Length: 7 m (23 ft)
Height: three.1 m (ten ft)
Weight, aerobatic: 1,625 kg (three,583 lb)
Weight, gross: 1,903 kg (four,195 lb)
Leading speed: 467 km/h (290 mph)
Engine: Wright Cyclone R-1820-G1, 1,000 hp

Components:
Fuselage: steel tube with aluminum alloy
Wings: aluminum spars and ribs with fabric cover

Physical Description:
NR1050. Aerobatic biplane flown by Main Alford &quotAl&quot Williams as demonstration aircraft for Gulf Oil Business. Related to Grumman F3F single-seat fighter aircraft flown by the U.S. Navy. Wright Cyclone R-1820-G1 engine, 1000 hp.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Boeing 367-80 Jet Transport:

On July 15, 1954, a graceful, swept-winged aircraft, bedecked in brown and yellow paint and powered by 4 revolutionary new engines very first took to the sky above Seattle. Constructed by the Boeing Aircraft Company, the 367-80, greater known as the Dash 80, would come to revolutionize industrial air transportation when its created version entered service as the well-known Boeing 707, America’s first jet airliner.

In the early 1950s, Boeing had begun to study the possibility of making a jet-powered military transport and tanker to complement the new generation of Boeing jet bombers getting into service with the U.S. Air Force. When the Air Force showed no interest, Boeing invested million of its personal capital to construct a prototype jet transport in a daring gamble that the airlines and the Air Force would purchase it once the aircraft had flown and verified itself. As Boeing had accomplished with the B-17, it risked the organization on one roll of the dice and won.

Boeing engineers had initially based the jet transport on research of improved styles of the Model 367, far better identified to the public as the C-97 piston-engined transport and aerial tanker. By the time Boeing progressed to the 80th iteration, the design bore no resemblance to the C-97 but, for safety causes, Boeing decided to let the jet project be recognized as the 367-80.

Work proceeded swiftly soon after the formal start off of the project on May 20, 1952. The 367-80 mated a large cabin primarily based on the dimensions of the C-97 with the 35-degree swept-wing design primarily based on the wings of the B-47 and B-52 but considerably stiffer and incorporating a pronounced dihedral. The wings have been mounted low on the fuselage and incorporated high-speed and low-speed ailerons as nicely as a sophisticated flap and spoiler technique. 4 Pratt &amp Whitney JT3 turbojet engines, each producing ten,000 pounds of thrust, have been mounted on struts beneath the wings.

Upon the Dash 80’s initial flight on July 15, 1954, (the 34th anniversary of the founding of the Boeing Business) Boeing clearly had a winner. Flying 100 miles per hour more rapidly than the de Havilland Comet and significantly larger, the new Boeing had a maximum range of far more than 3,500 miles. As hoped, the Air Force bought 29 examples of the style as a tanker/transport after they convinced Boeing to widen the design and style by 12 inches. Satisfied, the Air Force designated it the KC-135A. A total of 732 KC-135s have been constructed.

Quickly Boeing turned its consideration to selling the airline market on this new jet transport. Clearly the sector was impressed with the capabilities of the prototype 707 but in no way far more so than at the Gold Cup hydroplane races held on Lake Washington in Seattle, in August 1955. In the course of the festivities surrounding this occasion, Boeing had gathered a lot of airline representatives to enjoy the competition and witness a fly previous of the new Dash 80. To the audience’s intense delight and Boeing’s profound shock, test pilot Alvin &quotTex&quot Johnston barrel-rolled the Dash 80 more than the lake in full view of thousands of astonished spectators. Johnston vividly displayed the superior strength and efficiency of this new jet, readily convincing the airline sector to get this new airliner.

In searching for a market place, Boeing found a ready client in Pan American Airway’s president Juan Trippe. Trippe had been spending significantly of his time searching for a appropriate jet airliner to enable his pioneering company to maintain its leadership in international air travel. Functioning with Boeing, Trippe overcame Boeing’s resistance to widening the Dash-80 design and style, now recognized as the 707, to seat six passengers in each seat row rather than 5. Trippe did so by placing an order with Boeing for 20 707s but also ordering 25 of Douglas’s competing DC-eight, which had yet to fly but could accommodate six-abreast seating. At Pan Am’s insistence, the 707 was made four inches wider than the Dash 80 so that it could carry 160 passengers six-abreast. The wider fuselage developed for the 707 became the common style for all of Boeing’s subsequent narrow-body airliners.

Although the British de Havilland D.H. 106 Comet and the Soviet Tupolev Tu-104 entered service earlier, the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-eight have been larger, quicker, had higher variety, and have been far more profitable to fly. In October 1958 Pan American ushered the jet age into the United States when it opened international service with the Boeing 707 in October 1958. National Airlines inaugurated domestic jet service two months later making use of a 707-120 borrowed from Pan Am. American Airlines flew the first domestic 707 jet service with its personal aircraft in January 1959. American set a new speed mark when it opened the very first often-scheduled transcontinental jet service in 1959. Subsequent nonstop flights amongst New York and San Francisco took only five hours – three hours much less than by the piston-engine DC-7. The 1-way fare, which includes a surcharge for jet service, was 5.50, or 1 round trip. The flight was nearly 40 % faster and almost 25 percent less expensive than flying by piston-engine airliners. The consequent surge of visitors demand was substantial.

The 707 was originally designed for transcontinental or 1-quit transatlantic variety. But modified with further fuel tanks and a lot more efficient turbofan engines, the 707-300 Intercontinental series aircraft could fly nonstop across the Atlantic with full payload below any conditions. Boeing built 855 707s, of which 725 were purchased by airlines worldwide.

Possessing launched the Boeing Business into the industrial jet age, the Dash 80 soldiered on as a hugely productive experimental aircraft. Till its retirement in 1972, the Dash 80 tested numerous advanced systems, a lot of of which have been incorporated into later generations of jet transports. At 1 point, the Dash 80 carried three different engine sorts in its four nacelles. Serving as a test bed for the new 727, the Dash 80 was briefly equipped with a fifth engine mounted on the rear fuselage. Engineers also modified the wing in planform and contour to study the effects of diverse airfoil shapes. Many flap configurations had been also fitted including a highly sophisticated technique of &quotblown&quot flaps which redirected engine exhaust more than the flaps to boost lift at low speeds. Fin height and horizontal stabilizer width was later enhanced and at one particular point, a unique multiple wheel low pressure landing gear was fitted to test the feasibility of operating future heavy military transports from unprepared landing fields.

Following a long and distinguished profession, the Boeing 367-80 was lastly retired and donated to the Smithsonian in 1972. At present, the aircraft is installated at the National Air and Space Museum’s new facility at Washington Dulles International Airport.

Present of the Boeing Company

Manufacturer:
Boeing Aircraft Co.

Date:
1954

Nation of Origin:
United States of America

Dimensions:
Height 19′ 2&quot: Length 73′ 10&quot: Wing Span 129′ 8&quot: Weight 33,279 lbs.

Physical Description:
Prototype Boeing 707 yellow and brown.

• • • • •

Quoting Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Concorde, Fox Alpha, Air France:

The very first supersonic airliner to enter service, the Concorde flew thousands of passengers across the Atlantic at twice the speed of sound for over 25 years. Developed and built by Aérospatiale of France and the British Aviation Corporation, the graceful Concorde was a beautiful technological achievement that could not overcome significant financial troubles.

In 1976 Air France and British Airways jointly inaugurated Concorde service to destinations around the globe. Carrying up to one hundred passengers in great comfort, the Concorde catered to initial class passengers for whom speed was vital. It could cross the Atlantic in fewer than 4 hours – half the time of a standard jet airliner. Nonetheless its high operating fees resulted in very higher fares that restricted the number of passengers who could afford to fly it. These problems and a shrinking market place ultimately forced the reduction of service until all Concordes had been retired in 2003.

In 1989, Air France signed a letter of agreement to donate a Concorde to the National Air and Space Museum upon the aircraft’s retirement. On June 12, 2003, Air France honored that agreement, donating Concorde F-BVFA to the Museum upon the completion of its last flight. This aircraft was the initial Air France Concorde to open service to Rio de Janeiro, Washington, D.C., and New York and had flown 17,824 hours.

Gift of Air France.

Manufacturer:
Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale
British Aircraft Corporation

Dimensions:
Wingspan: 25.56 m (83 ft ten in)
Length: 61.66 m (202 ft three in)
Height: 11.three m (37 ft 1 in)
Weight, empty: 79,265 kg (174,750 lb)
Weight, gross: 181,435 kg (400,000 lb)
Top speed: 2,179 km/h (1350 mph)
Engine: Four Rolls-Royce/SNECMA Olympus 593 Mk 602, 17,259 kg (38,050 lb) thrust each and every
Manufacturer: Société Nationale Industrielle Aérospatiale, Paris, France, and British Aircraft Corporation, London, United Kingdom

Physical Description:
Aircaft Serial Number: 205. Which includes 4 (four) engines, bearing respectively the serial quantity: CBE066, CBE062, CBE086 and CBE085.
Also included, aircraft plaque: &quotAIR FRANCE Lorsque viendra le jour d’exposer Concorde dans un musee, la Smithsonian Institution a dores et deja choisi, pour le Musee de l’Air et de l’Espace de Washington, un appariel portant le couleurs d’Air France.&quot